Category Archives: Economic

Has the Estonian economy turned the corner?

At the Tallinn Central Market (keskturg)

Economic activity at Keskturg (Tallinn Central Market)

The official estimate of Estonia’s third-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) was released today by Statistics Estonia. The number is grim, but if you squint and tilt your head a bit you might—just possibly—be able to see the glass as half-full.

The total value of all goods and services produced by Estonia in the July-through-September period this year declined by 15.3% compared to what was produced in the comparable period of 2008.

To place this in a regional perspective, Estonia’s GDP collapsed more than did Lithuania’s (down 14.3%), but it wasn’t quite as bad as Latvia’s (down 18.4%).

SEB economist Mikael Johansson (quoted in this Dow Jones wire report) sees in the 3rd quarter data a sign that the Estonian economy has stabilized. His cautious optimism is supported by this Statistics Estonia chart:

estonia 3q gdp

The bars show the ugly quarterly GDP declines, stretching back nearly two years. But optimists will want to focus on the pink line, which shows that the rate of decline in Estonian exports bottomed out in the 1st quarter and that exports have been shrinking more slowly over the past 6 months; and the red line, which suggests a bottoming of industrial decline in the 2nd quarter.

One footnote: Statistics Estonia notes that the -15.3% GDP figure is a preliminary, “flash” estimate; a more accurate 3rd quarter GDP estimate will be released on the 9th of December. Mark your calendar.

Gender inequality persists in Estonia

Plenty sisterEstonia is making achingly-slow progress toward gender equality, and the country still has a long way to go. According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2009, Estonian women are about 71 percent as empowered as Estonian men. This ratio has been creeping upward, albeit at a snail’s pace, over the past four years. But other countries are improving more quickly, so Estonia’s standing in the world, which fell in 2007 and 2008, remained stuck at 37th place in 2009.

The annual study examines gender equality in four areas, and Estonia distinguishes itself in none of them. The four areas (along with Estonia’s global rank in each): economic participation and opportunity (36); educational attainment (37); health and survival (41); and political empowerment (50).

The report exposes some glaring areas of inequality. Unlike its near neighbors Finland (#2 overall in the world), Latvia (#14), and Lithuania (#30), Estonia has never had a woman as head of state. And Estonia’s index of wage equality for similar work was cringe-inducing; Estonian women earn only 60 percent as much as their male counterparts who do similar work.

Estonia was the 18th-ranked country in Europe, but it did place far ahead of such gender-inequality powerhouses as Luxembourg (#63 in the world), Italy, (#72), and Greece (#86). And the study revealed that Estonian women are 63 percent more likely than men to enroll in post-secondary education. Can this perhaps be viewed as a favorable leading indicator of future equality?

Estonia’s global competitiveness: weaker, but still respectable

Estonia has consistently earned a respectable spot on the annual Global Competitiveness rankings compiled by the World Economic Forum. In this year’s report, released earlier this week, Estonia placed 35th out of 133 countries ranked, a small drop from the #32 slot it held last year.

“Competitiveness” is meant to be broad gauge of a country’s overall business climate. According to the WEF, the rankings are based on 12 “pillars”: Institutions, Infrastructure, Macroeconomic Stability, Health and Primary Education, Higher Education and Training, Goods Market Efficiency, Labour Market Efficiency, Financial Market Sophistication, Technological Readiness, Market Size, Business Sophistication, and Innovation.

Estonia ranked higher than many of its fellow European Union members, including Poland (46), Italy (48), Lithuania (53), Latvia (68), and Greece (71). The highest-ranking EU members were Sweden (4), Denmark (5), Finland (6), and Germany (7). Among the formerly Communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Estonia was second-best, trailing only the Czech Republic (31).

This year’s overall top spot went to Switzerland, which displaced the United States (now #2).